1 David Eccles School of Business, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA. 2 Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA. 3 New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, USA. 4 Center for Health Incentives and Behavioral Economics, Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA. 5 Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA. 6 BetterUp, San Franscisco, CA, USA. 7 Consultant, Albany, NY, USA. 8 MVP Health Care, Schenectady, NY, USA. 9 Department of Health Care Management, The Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA. 10 Departments of Medicine and Medical Ethics and Health Policy, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA. 11 Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA.